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Statistics Lecture Notes
Jason D. Underdown
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Contents
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Front Matter
Colophon
Preface
I
Getting the Information You Need
1
Data Collection
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Observational Studies Vs. Designed Experiments
Simple Random Sampling
Other Effective Sampling Methods
Bias in Sampling
II
Descriptive Statistics
2
Summarizing Data in Tables and Graphs
Organizing Qualitative Data
Organizing Quantitative Data
Graphical Misrepresentations of Data
3
Numerically Summarizing Data
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Dispersion
Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion from Grouped Data
Measures of Position and Outliers
The Five--Number Summary and Boxplots
4
Describing the Relation between Two Variables
Scatter Diagrams and Correlation
Least-Squares Regression
The Coefficient of Determination
Contingency Tables and Association
III
Probability and Probability Distributions
5
Probability
Probability Rules
The Addition Rule and Complements
Independence and the Multiplication Rule
Conditional Probability and the General Multiplication Rule
Counting Techniques
Putting It Together: Which Method Do I Use?
6
Discrete Probability Distributions
Discrete Random Variables
The Binomial Probability Distribution
7
The Normal Probability Distribution
Properties of the Normal Distribution
Applications of the Normal Distribution
Assessing Normality
IV
Inference: From Samples to Population
8
Sampling Distributions
Distribution of the Sample Mean
Distribution of the Sample Proportion
9
Estimating the Value of a Parameter
Estimating a Population Proportion
Estimating a Population Mean
Putting It Together: Which Method Do I Use?
10
Hypothesis Tests Regarding a Parameter
The Language of Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis Tests for a Population Proportion
Hypothesis Tests for a Population Mean
Putting It Together: Which Method Do I Use?
11
Inferences on Two Samples
Inference about Two Population Proportions
Inference about Two Means: Dependent Samples
Inference about Two Means: Independent Samples
Putting It Together: Which Method Do I Use?
Authored in PreTeXt
Chapter
3
Numerically Summarizing Data
ΒΆ
3.1
Measures of Central Tendency
3.2
Measures of Dispersion
3.3
Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion from Grouped Data
3.4
Measures of Position and Outliers
3.5
The Five--Number Summary and Boxplots
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