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Statistics Lecture Notes
Jason D. Underdown
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Contents
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Front Matter
Colophon
Preface
I
Getting the Information You Need
1
Data Collection
Introduction to the Practice of Statistics
Observational Studies Vs. Designed Experiments
Simple Random Sampling
Other Effective Sampling Methods
Bias in Sampling
II
Descriptive Statistics
2
Summarizing Data in Tables and Graphs
Organizing Qualitative Data
Organizing Quantitative Data
Graphical Misrepresentations of Data
3
Numerically Summarizing Data
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Dispersion
Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion from Grouped Data
Measures of Position and Outliers
The Five--Number Summary and Boxplots
4
Describing the Relation between Two Variables
Scatter Diagrams and Correlation
Least-Squares Regression
The Coefficient of Determination
Contingency Tables and Association
III
Probability and Probability Distributions
5
Probability
Probability Rules
The Addition Rule and Complements
Independence and the Multiplication Rule
Conditional Probability and the General Multiplication Rule
Counting Techniques
Putting It Together: Which Method Do I Use?
6
Discrete Probability Distributions
Discrete Random Variables
The Binomial Probability Distribution
7
The Normal Probability Distribution
Properties of the Normal Distribution
Applications of the Normal Distribution
Assessing Normality
IV
Inference: From Samples to Population
8
Sampling Distributions
Distribution of the Sample Mean
Distribution of the Sample Proportion
9
Estimating the Value of a Parameter
Estimating a Population Proportion
Estimating a Population Mean
Putting It Together: Which Method Do I Use?
10
Hypothesis Tests Regarding a Parameter
The Language of Hypothesis Testing
Hypothesis Tests for a Population Proportion
Hypothesis Tests for a Population Mean
Putting It Together: Which Method Do I Use?
11
Inferences on Two Samples
Inference about Two Population Proportions
Inference about Two Means: Dependent Samples
Inference about Two Means: Independent Samples
Putting It Together: Which Method Do I Use?
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Part
I
Getting the Information You Need
ΒΆ
1
Data Collection
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